Biography of Ashoka the Great, Indias Mauryan Emperor

Ashoka the Great (c. 304–232 BCE) was the emperor of Indias Maurya Dynasty from 268 to 232 BCE and is remembered for his remarkable conversion to nonviolence and his merciful reign. In 265 BCE after witnessing the devastation of his own attack on the Kalinga region, he converted from being a brutal conqueror of a vast empire to a benevolent emperor who successfully ruled according to nonviolent principles. His edicts encouraged the protection of animals, mercy for criminals, and tolerance of other religions. Fast Facts: Ashoka the Great Known For: Ashoka was the ruler of Indias Mauryan Empire; after an epiphany, he became a promoter of Buddhist non-violence.Born: 304 BCE in Pataliputra, Mauryan EmpireParents: Bindusara and DharmaDied: 232 BCE in Pataliputra, Mauryan EmpireSpouse(s): Devi, Kaurwaki confirmed; many others allegedChildren: Mahinda, Kunala, Tivala, JalaukaNotable Quote: Dharma is good. And what is Dharma? It is having few faults and many goods deeds, mercy, charity, truthfulness, and purity. Early Life In 304 BCE, the second emperor of the Maurya Dynasty, Bindusara, welcomed a son named Ashoka Bindusara Maurya into the world. The boys mother Dharma was only a commoner. She had several older children—half-brothers of Ashoka—so Ashoka seemed unlikely to ever ascend the throne. Ashoka grew up to be a bold, troublesome, and cruel young man who was always extremely fond of hunting. According to legend, he killed a lion using only a wooden stick. His older half-brothers feared Ashoka  and convinced his father to post him as a general to distant frontiers of the Mauryan Empire. Ashoka proved to be a competent general, putting down a rebellion in the Punjabi city of Taxshila. Aware that his brothers viewed him as a rival for the throne, Ashoka went into exile for two years in the neighboring country of Kalinga. While he was there, he fell in love with and later married a commoner, a fisher-woman named Kaurwaki. Introduction to Buddhism Bindusara recalled his son to Maurya to help quell an uprising in Ujjain, the former capital of the Avanti Kingdom. Ashoka succeeded but was injured in the fighting. Buddhist monks tended to the wounded prince in secret so that his eldest brother, the heir-apparent Susima, would not learn of Ashokas injuries. At this time, Ashoka officially converted to Buddhism and began embracing its principles, though they were in direct conflict with his life as a general. He met and fell in love with a woman from Vidisha called Devi who also attended to his injuries during this period. The couple later married. When Bindusara died in 275 BCE, a two-year war for the throne erupted between Ashoka and his half-brothers. The Vedic sources vary on how many of Ashokas brothers died—one says that he killed them all while another states that he killed several of them. In either case, Ashoka prevailed and became the third ruler of the Mauryan Empire. Imperial Rule For the first eight years of his reign, Ashoka waged near-constant war on surrounding regions. He had inherited a sizable empire, but he expanded it to include most of the Indian subcontinent, as well as the area from the current-day borders of Iran and Afghanistan in the west to Bangladesh and Burma border in the east. Only the southern tip of India and Sri Lanka  and the kingdom of Kalinga on the northeast coast of India remained out of his reach. In 265 BCE, Ashoka attacked Kalinga. Although it was the homeland of his second wife Kaurwaki and the king of Kalinga had sheltered Ashoka before his ascent to the throne, the Mauryan emperor gathered the largest invasion force in Indian history and launched his assault. Kalinga fought back bravely, but in the end it was defeated and all of its cities were sacked. Ashoka had led the invasion in person, and he went out into the capital city of Kalinga the morning after his victory to survey the damage. The ruined houses and bloodied corpses of nearly 150,000 slain civilians and soldiers sickened the emperor, and he experienced a religious epiphany. Although he had considered himself more or less a Buddhist prior to that day, the carnage at Kalinga led Ashoka to devote himself completely to Buddhism, and he vowed to practice ahimsa, or nonviolence,  from that day forward. Edicts Had Ashoka simply vowed to himself that he would live according to Buddhist principles, later ages would likely not remember his name. However, he published his intentions for the whole empire to read. Ashoka wrote out a series of edicts, explaining his policies and aspirations for the empire and urging others to follow his enlightened example. The Edicts of King Ashoka were carved onto pillars of stone 40 to 50 feet high and set up all around the edges of the Mauryan Empire as well as in the heart of Ashokas realm. Dozens of these pillars can still be found in India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Afghanistan. In his edicts, Ashoka vowed to care for his people like a father and promised neighboring people that they need not fear him—that he would use only persuasion, not violence, to win people over. Ashoka noted that he had made available shade and fruit trees for the people as well as medical care for all people and animals. His concern for living things also appeared in a ban on live sacrifices and sport hunting as well as a request for respect for all other creatures, including servants. Ashoka urged his people to follow a vegetarian diet  and banned the practice of burning forests or agricultural wastes that might harbor wild animals. A long list of animals appeared on his protected species list, including bulls, wild ducks, squirrels, deer, porcupines, and pigeons. Ashoka also ruled with incredible accessibility. He noted that I consider it best to meet with people personally. To that end, he went on frequent tours around his empire. He also advertised that he would stop whatever he was doing if a matter of imperial business needed attention, even if he was having dinner or sleeping. In addition, Ashoka was very concerned with judicial matters. His attitude toward convicted criminals was quite merciful. He banned punishments such as torture, removing peoples eyes, and the death penalty, and he urged pardons for the elderly, those with families to support, and those who were doing charitable work. Finally, although Ashoka urged his people to practice Buddhist values, he fostered an atmosphere of respect for all religions. Within his empire, people followed not only the relatively new Buddhist faith but also Jainism, Zoroastrianism, Greek polytheism, and many other belief systems. Ashoka served as an example of tolerance for his subjects, and his religious affairs officers encouraged the practice of any religion. Death Ashoka the Great ruled as a just and merciful king from his epiphany in 265 until his death at the age of 72 in 232 BCE. His body was given a royal cremation ceremony. Legacy We do not know the names of most of Ashokas wives and children, however, his twin children by his first wife, a boy called Mahindra and a girl named Sanghamitra, were instrumental in converting Sri Lanka to Buddhism. After Ashokas death, the Mauryan Empire continued to exist for 50 years before going into a gradual decline. The last Mauryan emperor was Brhadrata, who was assassinated in 185 BCE by one of his generals, Pusyamitra Sunga. Although his family did not rule for long after he was gone, Ashokas principles and his examples lived on through the Vedas and his edicts, which can still be seen on pillars today. Sources Lahiri, Nayanjot.  Ashoka in Ancient India. Harvard University Press, 2015.Trainor, Kevin.  Buddhism: the Illustrated Guide. Duncan Baird, 2004.

11 Synonyms for Tres Bon to Say Great in French

French has many ways to say great. Many  students use trà ¨s bon  (very good), but bon in French is really just a basic adjective. It means good and can seem a bit weak, just like very good or great would be in English. Using a synonym, instead, will make your French sound much more eloquent. As we examine the various synonyms for  trà ¨s bon, we will look at two sentences. The first will use the appropriate French  great  and the second  will include the synonym. This will allow you to really see the impact it has on your meaning. Agrà ©able (Nice, Pleasant) This is a very good synonym for bon  since agrà ©able essentially has  the same strength as bon. Nous avons passà © une trà ¨s bonne soirà ©e.  We had a very good evening.Nous avons passà © une soirà ©e trà ¨s agrà ©able.  We had a very pleasant evening. Chouette (Cool, Pleasant, Friendly, Nice) Chouette is common slang. It has the same masculine and feminine. Cette fille est trà ¨s sympathique.  This girl is very nice, is great.Cette fille est trà ¨s chouette. This girl is awesome. No  Trà ¨s Here Now we will look at adjectives that are already at the highest degree of their meaning. This means that  you cannot use trà ¨s  (very) with them. You could, however, use vraiment (really) which is extremely popular, though it may be a bit overused at times. Excellent (Excellent) When something is really, really good, the word good simply cannot express that. This is why we have a word like  excellent  in both French and English. Ce repas à ©tait vraiment trà ¨s bon.  This meal was really very good.Ce repas à ©tait vraiment excellent.  This meal was really excellent. Formidable  (Wonderful) Watch out for the word  formidable as it is a false cognate. Formidable  is positive in French, it does not mean terrible as formidable does in English. Nous avons vu un trà ¨s bon spectacle.  We saw a very good show.Nous avons vu un spectacle formidable.  We saw a wonderful show. Extraordinaire / Exceptionnel (Exceptional) In English, extraordinary doesnt necessarily mean great as it can also mean out of the ordinary. In French, we would say hors de lordinaire or, more frequently, trà ¨s diffà ©rent for that meaning. Nous avons bu un trà ¨s bon vin.  We drank a very good wine.Nous avons bu un vin extraordinaire/ exceptionnel.  We drank an exceptional wine Fantastique (Amazing) When youre traveling, you will come across many eye-catching places. Yet, are they really just pretty or are they amazing?  Fantastique  is a perfect word for such a scenario. Nous avons visità © des endroits trà ¨s beaux.  We visited very pretty places.Nous avons visità © des endroits fantastiques.  We visited amazing places. Merveilleux (Marvelous) Merveilleux  is much like  fantastique  in that it takes a mediocre description and adds pizzazz.   Ce massage à ©tait vraiment trà ¨s bon.  This massage was really great.Ce massage à ©tait vraiment merveilleux. This massage was really marvelous. Remarquable (Remarkable) You should have no problem with the French  remarquable  because it bears a remarkable resemblance to the English. Son travail est trà ¨s bon.  His work is great.Son travail est remarquable.  His work is remarkable. Gà ©nial (Brilliant) There are great ideas and there are brilliant ideas. When you want to distinguish the two, turn to  gà ©niale. Il a eu une trà ¨s bonne idà ©e.  He had a great idea.Il a eu une idà ©e gà ©niale.  He had a brilliant idea. Super (Terrific) Super may be a bit old-fashioned in English, but it is used often in French. Its also invariable, meaning it doesnt change with number and gender. Mes vacances à ©taient trà ¨s bonnes. My vacation was great.Mes vacances à ©taient super.  My vacation was terrific. Note that les  vacances is plural feminine in French. Top Cool (Really Cool) The phrase top cool  is popular among a really young French crowd. Dont use it if you are over, say, 20! Je  kiffe  trop  cette  meuf. Elle  est top cool.  I dig this girl. Shes really awesome.

Emotive Response to Essays - 1425 Words

In tenth grade, everyone in Mrs. D’s English class had to write an essay on an American author. No one was actually given a choice in the matter, nor was anyone allowed the option of choosing their author. That kind of option wouldn’t have meant much to me anyway, seeing as I, like many sophomores in high school, had no interest in anything even remotely intellectual. Fate’s ubiquitous hand dealt me Sherwood Anderson, a man I had never heard of (nor did I frankly care to know about). Despite the clichà © one might expect at this point, research did nothing to change my apathy towards this essay. I wrote down the standard encyclopedic style biography that defined the efforts of most of my fellow classmates. After all of us were through†¦show more content†¦Creative writing was a kind of make your own assignment as you went along class. I wrote poetry most of the time, as it allowed me to express myself more than prose at the time. In college composition we were assigned an essay (or so I heard, I was not in class much) of a personal nature about something traumatic that had happened to us in our lives. I ended up writing about a fairly serious car accident that I had been in about six months previous. It was a breakthrough for me in terms of doing a college composition assignment, as I was able to get some emotion out as I wrote. All the fear and anxiety and pain seemed to pour right out of this essay. My writing group within the class seemed to think so, and the grade I received from our professor reflected that as well. At the same time, my creative writing teacher at MCC decided to get creative and actually assign us something with some criteria that we had to adhere to. It was a poem, much to my relief, but one about a traumatic experience that had occurred in our lives. It being so fresh on my mind from my college composition class, I again chose to write about the accident. Here, another crucial connection was made for me. Two forms of writing had been presented for me; one that I associated with emotional and spiritual catharsis, and the other that I associated with boring school assignments about people and things that I really could have cared less about. TheShow MoreRelatedRelevance Of Long Term Crisis Response1187 Words   |  5 PagesRelevance of Long-term Crisis Response in Counseling in Suicidal Clients The main focus of crisis response technique is on the client s presentation i.e. their response, as opposed to a particular event (which might possibly have prompted the present crisis). The customer is prone to be showing indications, for example, anxiety, distress and turmoil. This crisis state is the time when the laborer should be accessible to the client (Ellis, 2004). 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Initiative Of Disclosure Undertaken By IFRS †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Initiative Of Disclosure Undertaken By IFRS. Answer: Memorandum TO: All the Employees of Cruz Accounting Ltd. FROM: XYZ CC: Senior Accounts Manager DATE: 22 September, 2017 SUBJECT: Issues with respect to initiative of disclosure undertaken by IFRS The International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) can be regarded as the guidelines, which are set for ensuring transparency in the style of financial reporting at the global level. These standards are infact set by theInternational Accounting Standards Board (IASB) (Rouse, 2017). During the year 2017, IASB was observed to pass disclosure initiative- principles (DP), so that it would be possible to improve the communication between the users of financial report and the ones who have prepared it. Precisely, the disclosure initiative provided better information regarding the financial performance to the users. IASB has focused on the agenda of enhancing the reporting standards for the period 2017 to 2021. The IASB proposes an inappropriate way of preparing financial statements that can lead to errors with respect to making investment decisions, as the investors may not be able to trace performance of a business. Moreover, the board propounded that adding irrelevant information in the final accounts involves loss of time and extra costs pertaining to the preparation of financial statements. Even, if relevant information is provided in the financial statements, improper presentation can make it difficult for the stakeholders to correctly interpret the performance of the business firms (EY, p. 1-2). In paragraph 6.16 of the disclosure initiative, it is mentioned that the primary intention of this particular initiative is to enable the organizations to get adequate insights about the aspects that have to be disclosed in the financial statements. For example, IFRS makes it necessary to mention regarding the changes in financial items that have included in the report (IFRS, 2017, p. 62). The disclosure policies of the IFRS state that disclosures enable the investors to have a better understanding about the style of financial reporting standards. There is no such need for disclosing financial information that is useless to the stakeholders. The entities must focus on explaining, whether a property has been measured at cost of acquiring or at the market price (IFRS, 2017, p. 60-67). It can therefore be stated that mitigation of disclosure issues will enable the stakeholders to make comparison of the financial statements of a particular period with others. On the contrary, it can further be stated that readability is critical pertaining to paragraph 6.22. This is because excessive sections and subsections have been used for describing the disclosure principles. In part, b and c of the paragraph 6.16, mentions about category 1, 2 and 3, which makes it necessary for the readers to focus on the previous paragraphs. These complexities could have been avoided by directly men tioning about the categories in paragraph 6.16 (Deloitte Global Services Limited, 2017; IFRS, 2017, p.64-66). Paragraph 6.22, additionally mentions that entities have to decide regarding the place, where disclosure of theaccounting policies will be conducted. The policies can be disclosed either in the footnotes of the financial reports or at the beginning. More precisely, the disclosure policies states that all the disclosure onaccounting policies can be given on a single note in a comprehensive manner. It enables to trace the items that have been given due importance while preparing of the financial statements. Another choice that is present before the entities is to give information on accounting policies separately pertaining to separate heads. For example, at the place where depreciation has been calculated, a note can be given on the method used for evaluating the same (IFRS, 2017, p.64-66). Finally, the entities can provide a complete separate note, which will focus on mentioning the accounting policies that have been used for the preparation of the financial statements. Thus, it can be stated that the disclosure initiatives have provided wide range of guidelines to the business entities, so that they can flexibly prepare the financial statements by disclosing accounting policies in the most convenient (IFRS, 2017, p.64-66). However, the statement but disclose the rest in the same notes as the information to which they relate is not well comprehensible. This is due to the fact that it is not possible to trace, whether it implies towards the need of disclosing information under a single note or under each specific items along with the foot note. Hence, it can be stated that the paragraphs 6.16 and 6.22 can be better understood with the support of higher level accountants as compared to those who work at the lower hierarchy. The above mentioned developments of accounting disclosures are done as per the norms laid down by the Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB). It is observed that the disclosures requirements are set by AASB are similar to the provisions mentioned in the paragraph 6.16 of the disclosure initiative pertaining to IFRS. For example, AASB makes it mandatory to mention about the basis of measurement that has been used while calculating investments. It can be done on historical basis or at the fair value that prevails in the market. In case, if more than one method is used, then it is necessary to mention about them. The AASB also states that the final decision regarding the policies of accounting lies with the management. Additionally, the standards of IFRS provide a scope of disclosures pertaining to the accounting policies that can be presented. For example, in paragraphs 6.22, it is clearly mentioned that the information relating to accounting policies can be given on a single not e, under separate heads or completely a new report can be attached with the financial reports that states about the accounting methods (AASB, 2015, p. 24; IFRS, 2017, p.64-66). Pertaining to small business entities, it can further be stated that providing information on accounting methods is feasible within a single note. Medium scale organisations can mention the specific accounting policies under a separate head. On the other hand, large organisations that have several subsidiaries or operate in multiple nations having a wide range of products must disclose all the information on a separate note under specific headings. This will enable the investors and other stakeholders to easily know about the policies that are used for the preparation of financial statements. Pertaining to Cruz Accounting Ltd., it can be inferred that the disclosure initiatives of 2017 will enable in preparing financial statements more precisely for the clients. This is because customized notes can be given on the financial statements pertaining to the policies of accounting methods. As a result, the end users will be able to get sufficient information from the financial statements. Thereby, the clients will place repeated orders with Cruz Accounting Ltd. for preparation of financial statements, which can lead to rise in revenue earnings. On the contrary, more time and cost will be involved in the preparation of the financial statements, which can be set-off by increasing revenues (IFRS, n.d.; Deloitte Global Services Limited, 2017a). Letter To, The Senior Accounts Manager Alex Chemicals Pvt. Ltd, Australia, Date-22 September, 2017 Subject: Use of IFRS 2017 Dear Sir, It is hereby informed that on March, 2017 IFRS has passed a Disclosure InitiativePrinciples of Disclosure, which mentions about the changes regarding certain criteria of disclosures in the financial statements. These standards are duly important for the business entities, as it will enable them to improve the mode of communication with the stakeholders. The same benefits are applicable for Alex Chemicals Pvt. Ltd, so that it is possible to disclose the vital information in the financial statements. Alex Holdings Pvt. Ltd. will enable to obtain information that is to be included in the financial statements. For example, being a chemical manufacturing organisation, it is important to mention about the depreciation of machines in the financial statements. This will help the investors to easily understand regarding the methods used for calculating depreciation and its impact on the level of profit and return on shareholders wealth. It will boost up confidence of the investors and provoke them to purchase more shares (IFRS, 2017a). The board committee of Alex Chemicals Pvt. Ltd have wide range of options available pertaining to the disclosure mechanisms. Previously, the AASB only stated about the need of mentioning changes in the accounting policies that are brought about in an organisation along with the present ones that are being followed. On the contrary, on March 2017, the initiative that has been taken by IFRS, specifically mentions about the three types of options that can be followed during financial reporting. In case of quarterly annual reports, Alex Chemicals Pvt. Ltd can use single note mechanism for reporting the accounting procedures. This is because quarterly reports contain information only on three month time period, and so it is rational to mention regarding the accounting procedures at one place. In case of an annual report, the same can be provided on a separate attachment, as numerous policies are used for pertaining each of the items that are present on the financial statements (AASB, 2015, p. 24; IFRS Foundation, 2017, p. 4). The chemical industry and other sectors in Australia are observed to adhere to the policies that are initiated by IFRS. It is thus logical for Alex Chemicals Pvt. Ltd to easily adapt the standards of disclosure that have been prescribed in the disclosure Acts of IFRS in 2017. Hence, it is advisable to proactively adopt the standards while preparing the financial statements, as it will enable to get accustomed to the disclosure initiatives. It is possible that after a few years, AASB will make it necessary to adopt accounting policies and disclosure requirements that are given by IFRS on March 2017. Already, AASB has made certain regulations that make it necessary to adapt the IFRS standards (Australian Prudential Regulation Authority, 2005, pp. 2-3). Finally, it is to remind again that Alex Chemicals Pvt. Ltd must start adhering to the standards of disclosure that has been passed by IFRS in 2017. Yours sincerely XYZ Accounts Manager Cruz Accounting Ltd References AASB 2015, Presentation of financial statements File, pp. 1-31. Australian Prudential Regulation Authority 2005. Adoption of international financial reporting standards Lifs, pp. 1-19. Deloitte Global Services Limited 2017, IAS 1 presentation of financial statements, EN, viewed 22 September 2017, https://www.iasplus.com/en/standards/ias/ias1. Deloitte Global Services Limited 2017a, Background, EN, viewed 22 September 2017, https://www.iasplus.com/en/news/2017/03/dp-pod. EY 2017, Disclosure initiative principles of disclosure, Publications, pp. 1-4. IFRS 2017, Disclosure initiativeprinciples of disclosure, Media, pp. 1-110. IFRS 2017a, Snapshot: disclosure initiativeprinciples of disclosure File, pp. 1-16. IFRS Foundation 2017, Disclosure initiative principles of disclosure File, pp. 1-113. IFRS, No Date, Principles of disclosure. Work, viewed 22 September 2017, https://www.ifrs.org/projects/work-plan/principles-of-disclosure/ Rouse, M 2017, Definition IFRS (international financial reporting standards), Techtarget, viewed 22 September 2017, https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/IFRS-International-Financial-Reporting-Standards. EFRAG 2016, Disclosure initiative - principles of disclosure Activities, viewed 22 September 2017, https://www.efrag.org/Activities/322/Disclosure-Initiative---Principles-of-Disclosure. PwC 2016, IFRS disclosure Assets, pp. 1-236. Robinson K 2016, Disclosure initiative An overview XBRL Europe, Luxembourg, pp. 1-17. XBRL 2017, Webinar about disclosure initiative from the IFRS foundation News, viewed 22 September 2017, https://www.xbrl.org/news/webinar-about-disclosure-initiative-from-the-ifrs-foundation/.